Fair Use & AI Training

Direct copyright; vicarious; contributory (consolidates Alter/Sancton; with Basbanes)

Vicarious; contributory; DMCA 1202(b)(1); 1201(a)(1)(A)

DMCA 1202(b)(1)/(b)(3) on appeal; state law

On Appeal

Direct copyright; state law

Direct copyright; vicarious; DMCA 1202(b)(1)/(b)(3); state law (consolidates Tremblay, Silverman, Chabon)

Direct copyright; contributory infringement; DMCA 1202(a)(1)/(b)(1)/(b)(3); state law (consolidates Chabon, Farnsworth, Huckabee)

Direct copyright; DMCA 1202(a)/(b); Lanham Act; unfair comp.; trademark dilution

Direct copyright; inducement; DMCA 1202(a)/(b)(1); Lanham Act; state law

Direct copyright; vicarious; contributory; DMCA 1202(b)(1)/(b)(3); Lanham Act (consolidates Daily News, CIR)

Direct copyright (tentative settlement)

GEMA sued OpenAI for copyright infringement of song lyrics of nine well-known German songs (including 'Atemlos', 'Männer', 'Über den Wolken') used to train GPT-4 and GPT-4o. The court ruled on 11 November 2025 largely i…